Enhanced interrogation techniques or enhanced interrogation is an euphemism for the program of systematic torture of detainees by the central intelligence agency cia, the defense intelligence agency dia and various components of the u. Central command, shows abu zubaydah, date and location unknown. A federal appeals court hearing the case of a guantanamo bay inmate who was subjected to brutal treatment by the cia after being detained following the 911 attacks took the rare step of calling enhanced interrogation techniques torture. See some of the most unbelievable pages from the cold warera cia torture manual known as the kubark handbook. The senate select committee on intelligence committee study of the central intelligence agencys detention and interrogation program and the hoffman report produced more questions than. I do not reach as far as statelevel issues, such as international covenants banning torture. In the simple torture situation the contest is one between the individual and his. To the contrary, both regarded torture as counterproductive and an actual deterrent to obtaining useful information. This manual incorporates the operational experiencesand lessons learned. Intelligence and controversial british interrogation. Effective interviewing and interrogation techniques. Torture is wrong under any circumstances, whether its called torture, enhanced interrogation techniques, stress positions, or anything else. Standards of conduct for interrogation, torture, cruel, inhuman created date.
Studies of torture victims show that techniques such as sensory overload and sexual humiliation can cause severe psychological pain and suffering. Mi interrogation units are a proven and valued collection asset. Reservations to this treaty, which were coopted by the bush administration to justify harsh interrogation techniques to ensure it provides protections to everyone, everywhere, including foreign detainees held outside of the united states. Proponents of enhanced interrogation techniques in the united states have claimed that such methods are necessary for obtaining information from uncooperative terrorism subjects. This article examines enhanced interrogation or torture practices developed after 911 and considers that techniques used overseas by the united states may be applied domestically. Sep 9, the document was given the codename kubark and for decades it served as the standard for legally gray or black interrogation techniques. Legal defense for using techniques considered torture.
Without torture, we succeeded in conflicts that threatened the very exist. American psychologists, the central intelligence agency. In interrogational torture, physical and psychological techniques serve the purpose of creating the physical, cognitive and emotional exhaustion in the detainee considered. The role of the fbi is highlighted since it now has assumed the central authority to. Armed forces at black sites around the world, including bagram, guantanamo bay, and abu ghraib, authorized by officials of the george w. The united states signed cat on april 18, 1988, and ratified it.
We complete our data analysis with the recent 2009 galluppoll,inwhich55%ofrespondentsfavoredharshinterrogation techniques. While government officials have argued that enhanced interrogation techniques are necessary to protect american citizens, the effectiveness. Psychologists do not engage in, direct, support, facilitate, or offer training in torture or other cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment. Human rights first, along with dozens of interrogators, intelligence professionals, retired generals, and admirals, know that torture is ineffective at gaining actionable intelligence. In the infamous torture memos of, yoo and bybee, authorised enhanced interrogation techniques eits, acts previously recognised by. Despite the scale of torture and other human rights violations associated with secret. Pdf a careful reading of the kubark manual is essential for anyone involved in interrogation, if perhaps for no other reason than to uncover a. The new edition is also timely in that the authors address purported methods or torture, such as waterboarding, in our post911 society. Use of torture and other illegal methods is a poor technique that yields unreliable results, may damage subsequent collection efforts, and can induce the source to. A utilitarian argument against torture interrogation of. Enhanced interrogation techniques and the risk of criminality. And the question before us is a very difficult and important subject. Apr 19, 2020 in the infamous torture memos of, yoo and bybee, authorised enhanced interrogation techniques eits, acts previously recognised by.
This report provides a concise overview of 1 the reid method of interrogation, 2 critiques of the reid method, and 3 alternative interrogation techniques. For example, in the frogs of aristophanes, a character offers his slaves testimony, extracted through torture, as proof of his innocence. Tsnf results cias use of dojapproved enhanced interrogation techniques. In the present article, we offer an informed, academic perspective on such claims. Many interrogation techniques employed at guantanamo bay and elsewhere were specifically designed to exploit psychological weaknesses of detainees. Cic inquiries into many subjects that arc closely related to interrogation. It builds upon existing doctrine and moves interrogation into the 21st century. Torture has been used throughout history for the purpose of obtaining information in interrogation. The text remains a valuable reference for those who practice the art and science of investigations, and for readers or prior editions, this updated versions new content merits a second looks. The result has been a coopting of health professionals by the national security ap. The convention against torture is an international human rights treaty. This volume addresses interrogation and torture at a unique moment.
Torture, enhanced interrogations, and the role of psychologists. The case of ibn alshaykh allibi, for example, is a good illustration of this. Legal defensefor using techniques considered torture. Armed forces at black sites around the world, including bagram, guantanamo bay, and abu ghraib, authorized by. The enhanced interrogation techniques the cia used on. The cias use of its enhanced interrogation techniques was not an effective. This poll did not use the word torture, nor did it identify speci. Drawing the fine line between interrogation and torture. Introduction in the autumn of 1971 fourteen men held under internment in northern ireland were. The reid method is a system of interviewing and interrogation widely used by police departments in the united states. The responsibility of the faculty of the university at california at berkeley in the matter of the torture memo of professor john yoo a weblog. The letter, a response to the red crosss concern about conditions at abu. Psychologists are alert to acts of torture and other cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment and have an ethical responsibility to report these acts.
Pdf during the war on terror, the bush administration authorized the us central intelligence agency to employ enhanced interrogation techniques to. John kiriakou, the only cia officer related to the torture program to do time for blowing the whistle on it told whowhatwhy. Enhanced interrogation techniques or enhanced interrogation is a euphemism for the program of systematic torture of detainees by the central intelligence agency cia, the defense intelligence agency dia and various components of the u. Enhanced interrogation techniques amnesty international usa. Interrogation also called questioning is interviewing as commonly employed by law enforcement officers, military personnel, and intelligence agencies with the goal of eliciting useful information. Torture is not only prohibited based on moral and legal grounds but also because it is not an effective interrogation technique. Kubark counterintelligence interrogation the national security.
An overview of the techniques and controversies contemporary interrogation techniques must be discussed in regard to false confessions, particularly those that emanate from police pressure. A guide to the memos on torture by the new york times. Rules proscribing the use of torture and other cruel and inhuman treatment by the united states provide little guidance as to the legitimacy of specific interrogation techniques and when they can be used. A guide to the memos on torture the new york times. Donald trumps recently declared belief that torture is an effective method of interrogation is misguided and has no basis in evidence. Definitions and scenarios pain forces the innocent to lie. The report from the senate intelligence committee on the cias interrogation techniques after the attacks of sept. Enhanced interrogation explained the cias detention and interrogation program allowed the use of socalled enhanced interrogation techniques on detainees captured after 911. Torture, while widely illegal and a violation of international law, has been frequently cited as generating false or misleading information, and lacks scientific evidence supporting its effectiveness. Techniques and controversies in the interrogation of suspects. The bush administration, the central intelligence agency and enhanced interrogation techniques article pdf available in organization 224. Greenberg ed, the torture debate in america cambridge university press 2006 106. August 1, 2002 standards of conduct for interrogation keywords. The letter, a response to the red crosss concern about conditions at abu ghraib, contended that isolating some inmates at the prison.
Psychological perspectives on the authors 2017 interrogation. In 2009, following the abuse of prisoners at its guantanamo bay detention camp, the us government made a significant decision. Armymarine corps counterinsurgency field manual, which was prepared under the. Interrogation may involve a diverse array of techniques, ranging from developing a rapport with the subject to outright torture. And efforts are now being made to integrate this science and practice into international law and global policing initiatives. Jun 20, 2017 two men who proposed interrogation techniques widely viewed as torture are part of a lawsuit filed on behalf of former c. Tony was a leatherbdsm icon who was the editor and publisher of drummer magazine and other notorious publications of interest to men in the gay leatherbdsm community. Report of investigation unauthorized interrogation techniques at sanitized employed a roved standard and. Read pdf army field manual interrogation techniques counterinsurgency field manual lt. It was conducted between 2002 and 2009, with the authorization of officials in the bush administrations white house and the department of justice. Court calls us enhanced interrogation techniques torture. The fact that individuals and nations rarely, if ever, acknowledge that they committed torture underlines the sacrosanctity with which the prohibition of torture is generally regarded. Cat article 3 prohibits a state party from sending an alien to a country where there are substantial grounds for believing that he would be in danger of being subjected to torture. Effectiveness of torture for interrogation wikipedia.
The cia was right in the 1950s and wrong a half century later. The cias use of its enhanced interrogation techniques was not an effective means of. Table of interrogation techniques recommendedapproved by u. Rumsfelds memo on interrogation techniques pdf document dec. The torture debate the case against 50 torture, trials and punishment 50 a legal context 53 the ticking timebomb 56 the questionable efficacy of torture 63 other methods of interrogation are more effective 67 the wrong man problem 70 we kill people in war, why not torture. Abu zubaydah at 2, despite the severity of his injuries, an april. Physical interrogation techniques was written by tony deblase under the pseudonym, richard krousher. When asked which methods should be used to torture the slave, the character.
Jun 10, 2016 since being established by president obama in 2009 after the furor over the u. Deposition videos, obtained exclusively by the new york. In, the cia distributed a novellalength manual on torture. She added that the report would settle the debate once and for all over whether our nation should ever employ coercive interrogation techniques such as those detailed in the report. Contributors present cuttingedge research on noncoercive interrogation techniques and show.
A key factor of both scharffs and morans techniques, given todays military interrogation climate, is that neither used either coercive methods or torture to make prisoners to talk. It also provides a guide for interviewing probable suspects and interrogating likely perpetrators on techniques and tradecraft. Can the use of torture in intelligence gathering be justified. As human rights watch detailed in getting away with torture, stress positions were among a number of interrogation and detention techniques authorized for use by the bush administration. Cia kubark counterintelligence interrogation manual, human resource exploitation training manual, art and.
Torture volume 27, number 2, 2017 1 editorial interrogation is an essential component of a comprehensive view of torture and deserves special reflection. In two commissioned articles, health psychology open clarifies once and for all the role of two prominent american psychologists in the central intelligence agency program of enhanced interrogation post 911. Sep 19, 2019 file this undated file photo provided by u. Interrogation techniques that respect human rights have a proven track record of success at getting information out of terrorism suspects. Foia documents related to the former detention and interrogation program 6541535 rippub 4 june. Historically, the united states has been steadfast in its resolve that torture is unnecessary, unreliable, and unamerican.
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